Chapter 6 Programming Languages

TERMS DEFINITIONS
Machine language The numeric codes for the operations that a particular computer can execute directly.
Debugging Debugging is the process of finding and fixing errors or bugs in the source code of any software.
Assembler An assembler is a type of computer program that takes in basic instructions and converts them into a pattern of bits that the computer's processor can use to perform basic operations.
Assembly language An assembly language is a type of low-level programming language that is intended to communicate directly with a computer's hardware.
translator A programming language translator is used to translate the program (high-level language) into machine language(low-level language).
Compiler A compiler is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another language .
Interpreter An interpreter is a computer program that is used to directly execute program instructions written using one of the many high-level programming languages.
Cross-platform software is a type of application / program / software that works on various operating systems or devices, which are often called platforms.
natural language Natural language processing (NLP) refers to the branch of computer science—and more specifically, the branch of artificial intelligence or AI.
Formal language Python or Java.
Machine independence Machine-independent A term applied to software that is not dependent on the properties of a particular machine, and can therefore be used on any machine.
High-level programming language Python, JavaScript, Visual Basic, Delphi, Perl, PHP, ECMAScript, Ruby, C#, Java and many others.
object-oriented programming(OOP) OOP is defined as a programming paradigm (and not a specific language) built on the concept of objects, i.e., a set of data contained in fields, and code, indicating procedures – instead of the usual logic-based system.
scripting language A scripting language is a programming language that employs a high-level construct to interpret and execute one command at a time.
data types:
  • integer:t is the most common numeric data type used to store numbers without a fractional component.
  • float:A float is a floating-point number, which means it is a number that has a decimal place.
  • string:It is a sequence of characters and the most commonly used data type to store text.
primitive data type A primitive type is predefined by the language and is named by a reserved keyword.
data structure A data structure is a storage that is used to store and organize data.
Python collection data structure
  • list is a collection which is ordered and changeable.
  • tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable.
  • set is a collection which is unordered, unchangeable*, and unindexed.
  • dictionary is a collection which is ordered** and changeable.
Function Computer programming, a function or subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit.
Local variable Alocal variable is a variable that is given local scope.
Global variable A global variable is a variable that you can use from any part of a program, including within functions.
Source program A source program is a text file that contains instructions written in a high level language.
Object program A computer program translated from the equivalent source program into machine language by the compiler or assembler.