| TERM | DEFINITION |
| operating system | The software that controls the overall operation of the computer including file management, the user interface,and the program execution enviroment. |
| job queue | A queue is a storage organization in whic objects are ordered in fist-in, first-out fashion. |
| FIFO | first-in,first-out |
| interactive progressing | To accomodate these needs, new operating systems wer developed that allowed a program being executed to carry on a dialogue with the through remote terminals. |
| time-sharing | The solution to this problem was to design operating systems that provided service to multiple users ate the same time. |
| mutilprograming | One means of implementing time-sharing is to apply the technique called mutilprograming |
| application software | A application software consists of the programs for performing tasks particular to the machines's utilization. |
| system software | Operate system and utility system software |
| utility software | The other consists of software units collectively known as utility software. |
| graphical user interface(GUI) | GUI is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio |
| shell | Older user interfaces |
| kernel | The internal part of an operating system is called kernel. |
| device driver | The software units that communicate with the controllers to carry out operations on the peripheral devices attached to the machine. |
| file manager | is a computer program that provides a user interface to manage files and folders. |
| memory manager | is charged with the task of coordinating the machine's use of main memory |
| virtual memory | Virtual memory is a memory management technique where secondary memory can be used as if it were a part of the main memory |
| boot strapping | A boot loader is a small program that places the computer operating system into memory |
| ROM | Read-only memory |
| deadlock | A deadlock is a situation in which two computer programs sharing the same resource are effectively preventing each other from accessing the resource, resulting |
| spooling | Spooling is a process in which data is temporarily held to be used and executed by a device, program or the system. |
| super user(or administrator) | Superuser accounts are highly privileged accounts primarily used for administration by specialized IT employees |
| multi-factor authentication | Multi-factor Authentication (MFA) is an authentication method that requires the user to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a resource such as an application, online account, or a VPN. |